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Exclusionary policies, such as limits on refugees' movement and the right to work, are often justified as reasons to minimize economic and social tensions with host communities. While these policies have a negative effect on refugees' economic outcomes, their ability to mitigate frictions with host communities is unknown. Inclusionary policies, on the other hand, could foster mutual gains and positive relations. This paper builds an extensive dataset of attitudes and economic outcomes, refugee populations, and policies at the sub-national level covering 14 years (2005-2018) and most low- and middle-income countries. Using event study and difference-in-differences methodologies, it assesses the effects of the arrival of large waves of refugees and finds little evidence that large refugee arrivals have a negative effect on average attitudes or economic outcomes in the short-term. There are also no significant differences between places with restrictive and inclusive policies, including de jure access to the labor market and opening camps.
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Los países de América Latina han implementado importantes reformas de gobierno abierto durante los últimos años. La combinación de los esfuerzos a nivel nacional con el soporte que los países han obtenido por parte de la Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto (AGA) ha sido benéfica para lograr avances cruciales en diversas áreas relacionadas al gobierno abierto. Entre 2013 y 2014, la OCDE - como socio oficial multilateral de la AGA - llevó a cabo un estudio para conocer el estado actual de los estrategias y prácticas de gobierno abierto en la región. Este reporte presenta los principales hallazgos producto de la implementación de un cuestionario regional enfocado a recabar información sobre estrategias de gobierno abierto, acceso a la información y datos abiertos. En paralelo, el reporte presenta tres casos de estudio que analizan a fondo el estado del gobierno abierto en Costa Rica, Perú y Colombia. El cuestionario y el marco analítico están basados en la experiencia y estándares de la OCDE lo que permitirá a los países latinoamericanos conocer y evaluar la situación de la región en cara a las mejores prácticas internacionales. Se presentan los principales logros y desafíos regionales de una manera comparativa con la finalidad de posicionar las prácticas nacionales e institucionales desde una perspectiva global. Aparte del análisis comparativo de datos e información, el proyecto busca reforzar el marco institucional de los países partícipes del presente estudio con la finalidad de facilitar la implementación de los compromisos adquiridos dentro de la AGA y fortalecer la red regional de oficiales nacionales a cargo de gobierno abierto.
Freedom of information --- Public administration --- Information, Freedom of --- Liberty of information --- Right to know --- Civil rights --- Freedom of speech --- Intellectual freedom --- Telecommunication --- Law and legislation
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Freedom of information --- Argentina --- Politics and government
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The Open Government Review provides an evidence-based assessment of the country's open government agenda against the ten provisions of the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Open Government. The review takes stock of past reform efforts and provides guidance for Romania in designing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating an integrated policy agenda to improve the relationship between government and citizens and the way they interact.
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This new version of 'Advertising in a Free Society' is valuable reminder of the fundamental role advertising plays in society. Although the criticisms aimed towards it, which Ralph Harris and Arthur Seldon aimed to dispel over half a century ago, continue to gain support, policy makers and campaigners risk undermining our freedom if they continue this crusade against the advertising industry. We should celebrate the fact that advertising empowers the everyday shopper, rather than undermining both businesses and consumers through constraining the industry.
Advertising --- Capitalism --- Freedom of speech. --- Social aspects.
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Dieser Bericht liefert eine tiefgreifende, evidenzbasierte Analyse der Initiativen zur Öffnung des Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandelns sowie der Herausforderungen, vor denen die Länder bei deren Umsetzung und Koordinierung stehen. Darüber hinaus werden neue Entwicklungen in den OECD-Ländern wie auch in einer Reihe von Ländern der Regionen Lateinamerika, Naher Osten und Nordafrika sowie Südostasien erörtert. Auf der Grundlage einer 2015 durchgeführten Umfrage zu offenem Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandeln sowie zur Bürgerbeteiligung im Politikzyklus identifiziert der Bericht Bereiche, denen künftig besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden muss, z.B. der Mobilisierung und Einbeziehung aller staatlichen Bereiche und Ebenen, um den Schritt vom offenen Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandeln zum offenen Staat zu vollziehen. Zudem untersucht er, wie Prinzipien und Verfahren offenen Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandelns zur Verwirklichung der Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung der Vereinten Nationen beitragen können, und befasst sich mit der Rolle der Medien bei der Schaffung günstiger Rahmenbedingungen für Open-Government-Initiativen sowie der wachsenden Bedeutung nachgeordneter Gebietskörperschaften bei der Umsetzung erfolgreicher Open-Government-Reformen.
Government information. --- Freedom of information. --- Public records --- Law and legislation. --- Freedom of information --- Information, Freedom of --- Liberty of information --- Right to know --- Civil rights --- Freedom of speech --- Intellectual freedom --- Telecommunication --- Information, Government --- Law and legislation
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This book considers how social justice and authentic freedom of speech could be better tackled through hypertextual writing. Unilinear writing produces an artificial understanding of justice, freedom of speech and hermeneutics. In contrast, hypertextual writing promises an optimistic future which involves less judgment, more empathy and the embracing of difference, so vital in our post-truth culture. The author argues that hypertextual writing is set to have a marked impact on fields like jurisprudence, social sciences and education. Rethinking Ethics Through Hypertext reconciles traditional theories of ethics by re-framing them through hypertextual techniques, bringing together contrasting and contradictory ethical views. It presents compelling insights for scholars of moral philosophy, social justice, hermeneutics and education.
Ethics. --- Hypertext literature. --- Social justice. --- Freedom of speech.
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Censorship --- Internet --- Intellectual freedom --- Communication policy --- Government policy
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This report provides an in-depth, evidence-based analysis of open government initiatives and the challenges countries face in implementing and co-ordinating them. It also explores new trends in OECD member countries as well as a selection of countries from Latin America, MENA and South East Asia regions. Based on the 2015 Survey on Open Government and Citizen Participation in the Policy Cycle, the report identifies future areas of work, including the effort to mobilise and engage all branches and all levels of government in order to move from open governments to open states; how open government principles and practices can help achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals; the role of the Media to create an enabling environment for open government initiatives to thrive; and the growing importance of subnational institutions to implement successful open government reforms.
Government information. --- Official secrets. --- Freedom of information. --- Freedom of information --- Information, Freedom of --- Liberty of information --- Right to know --- Civil rights --- Freedom of speech --- Intellectual freedom --- Telecommunication --- Disclosing official secrets --- Government secrecy --- Secrecy in government --- Secrets, Official --- Secrets of state --- Confidential communications --- Criminal law --- Government and the press --- Government information --- Ministerial responsibility --- Secrecy --- Information, Government --- Public records --- Law and legislation
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